Dry eye disease is a condition that occurs when tears fail to provide the required lubrication for the eyes. Producing poor quality tears or lack of the required volume causes the eyes to feel dry and uncomfortable. 

Tears become unstable or inadequate for various reasons, affecting one or both eyes. The instability can lead to damage or inflammation of the eye surface. So, what are dry eyes?

Dry Eye Syndrome 

People with dry eye syndrome often experience burning or stinging, mainly in particular environments or situations. Being in an airplane or air-conditioned room, prolonged computer use, and riding a bike, can worsen the symptoms. 

Tear instability can leave the eyes looking red or inflamed. If you have dry eye, changes in your lifestyle can make you more comfortable. Several effective treatments can provide relief. 

Causes of Dry Eye 

The eyes have a tear film that covers the surface constantly. The fluid membrane prevents the eyes from getting dry and makes it possible to enjoy clear vision. The film produced by the tear glands has three layers: water, oil, and mucus. An issue with any of the three layers can lead to dry eye. 

The leading causes of dry eye are an imbalance in tear composition and insufficient tear production. One of the most common issues occurs due to a blockage of the meibomian glands, which affects oil production.

Symptoms of Dry Eye

Dry eye disease can lead to a wide range of symptoms. They include:

 

• Eye soreness or redness
   

• A stinging or burning sensation
   

• A sensation of something in the eye
   

• Excessive tearing
   

• Stringy discharge in and around the eyes
   

• Extreme light sensitivity
   

• Double vision
   

• Blurred vision
   

• Discomfort or difficulty wearing contacts
   

• Eye fatigue after reading or using the computer

Some people with the condition experience intense eye pain, making it difficult to function. If you experience symptoms, contact your eye doctor at Westchester Eyes.

Factors That Increase Risk of Dry Eye

Several factors can increase an individual's risk of developing dry eye. They include:

 

• Eyelid problems such as blepharitis, ectropion, and entropion
   

• Wearing contact lenses
   

• Medical conditions such as lupus, Sjogren's syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis
   

• Vitamin A deficiency
   

• Radiation therapy
   

• Climate factors such as windy, dry, or hot weather
   

• Air conditioning or indoor heating
   

• Smoke exposure
   

• High altitude
   

• Digital device use
   

• Certain medications (antihistamines, diuretics, sleeping pills, and decongestants)
   

• Refractive eye surgeries

Diagnosing Dry Eye Syndrome 

To diagnose the eye condition, doctors will review the patient's medical history, ask about symptoms, and conduct an eye examination. A dilated eye exam can help see the back of the eye, providing vital information.

Doctors can find out the rate of tear evaporation, the volume of tears produced, and eyelid structure. Any medications or supplements the patient may be taking are considered when making the diagnosis. There are different ways to treat or manage dry eye. Doctors will consider all the underlying issues when recommending the best treatment plan.

For more on what dry eyes are, visit Westchester Eyes at our White Plains, New York office. Call (914) 732-1732 to schedule an appointment today.